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In survival analysis, time-varying covariates are endogenous when their measurements are directly related to the event status and incomplete information occur at random points during the follow-up. Consequently, the time-dependent Cox model leads to biased estimates. Joint models (JM) allow to correctly estimate these associations combining a survival and longitudinal sub-models by means of a shared parameter (i.e., random effects of the longitudinal sub-model are inserted in the survival one). This study aims at showing the use of JM to evaluate the association between a set of inflammatory biomarkers and Covid-19 mortality. During Covid-19 pandemic, physicians at Istituto Clinico di Città Studi in Milan collected biomarkers (endogenous time-varying covariates) to understand what might be used as prognostic factors for mortality. Furthermore, in the first epidemic outbreak, physicians did not have standard clinical protocols for management of Covid-19 disease and measurements of biomarkers were highly incomplete especially at the baseline. Between February and March 2020, a total of 403 COVID-19 patients were admitted. Baseline characteristics included sex and age, whereas biomarkers measurements, during hospital stay, included log-ferritin, log-lymphocytes, log-neutrophil granulocytes, log-C-reactive protein, glucose and LDH. A Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm were used for fitting JM. Independent and non-informative priors for the fixed effects (age and sex) and for shared parameters were used. Hazard ratios (HR) from a (biased) time-dependent Cox and joint models for log-ferritin levels were 2.10 (1.67-2.64) and 1.73 (1.38-2.20), respectively. In multivariable JM, doubling of biomarker levels resulted in a significantly increase of mortality risk for log-neutrophil granulocytes, HR=1.78 (1.16-2.69); for log-C-reactive protein, HR=1.44 (1.13-1.83); and for LDH, HR=1.28 (1.09-1.49). Increasing of 100 mg/dl of glucose resulted in a HR=2.44 (1.28-4.26). Age, however, showed the strongest effect with mortality risk starting to rise from 60 years.
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"Learning evidence-based medicine is a requirement in medicine, PA, NP, pharmacy, and most other health practitioner fields. For example, most PA programs have required coursework in evidence-based programs during the first (didactic) year; medical students have this content woven into their clinical medicine coursework"--
Biometry --- Evidence-Based Medicine --- Epidemiologic Methods --- methods --- Medical literature --- Medicine --- Biometry. --- Epidemiologic Methods. --- Evaluation. --- Research --- methods.
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This richly illustrated book provides an overview of the design and analysis of experiments with a focus on non-clinical experiments in the life sciences, including animal research. It covers the most common aspects of experimental design such as handling multiple treatment factors and improving precision. In addition, it addresses experiments with large numbers of treatment factors and response surface methods for optimizing experimental conditions or biotechnological yields.The book emphasizes the estimation of effect sizes and the principled use of statistical arguments in the broader scientific context. It gradually transitions from classical analysis of variance to modern linear mixed models, and provides detailed information on power analysis and sample size determination, including ‘portable power’ formulas for making quick approximate calculations. In turn, detailed discussions of several real-life examples illustrate the complexities and aberrations that can arise in practice.Chiefly intended for students, teachers and researchers in the fields of experimental biology and biomedicine, the book is largely self-contained and starts with the necessary background on basic statistical concepts. The underlying ideas and necessary mathematics are gradually introduced in increasingly complex variants of a single example. Hasse diagrams serve as a powerful method for visualizing and comparing experimental designs and deriving appropriate models for their analysis. Manual calculations are provided for early examples, allowing the reader to follow the analyses in detail. More complex calculations rely on the statistical software R, but are easily transferable to other software.Though there are few prerequisites for effectively using the book, previous exposure to basic statistical ideas and the software R would be advisable.
Statistical science --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- bio-informatica --- statistiek --- statistisch onderzoek --- Experimental design. --- Disseny d'experiments
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This book presents and discusses the numerous measures of test performance that can be derived from 2x2 tables. Worked examples based on pragmatic test accuracy study data are used in chapters to illustrate relevance to day-to-day clinical practice. Readers will gain a good understanding of sensitivity and specificity and predictive values along with many other parameters. The contents are highly structured and the use of worked examples facilitates understanding and interpretation. This book is a resource for clinicians in any discipline who are involved in the performance or assessment of test accuracy studies, and professionals in the disciplines of machine learning or informatics wishing to gain insight into clinical applications of 2x2 tables.
Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Neuropathology --- Programming --- Computer. Automation --- biomathematica --- biostatistiek --- hersenen --- programmeren (informatica) --- medische informatica --- biometrie --- Contingency tables. --- Informàtica mèdica
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This 2-volume set provides a state-of-the-art study of the fossil record and taxonomy of the main vertebrate groups from Greece. Greece stands between 3 continents and its vertebrate fossil record is of great importance for paleontological and evolutionary studies in Europe, Asia and Africa. Fossils from classic, world-famous localities (e.g., Pikermi, Samos) form an essential part of the collections of the most important museums in the world and have been studied by numerous scientists. Recent paleontological research led to the discovery and study of numerous new sites. The volumes contain a taxonomic review of all named and identified taxa, their taxonomic history and current status, as well as historical, phylogenetic and biogeographic information. Volume 1 contains a synopsis of the fossil record and taxonomy of important groups of vertebrates represented in the fossil record of Greece. The volume deals with some of the early splitting clades, including the basal and enigmatic conodonts and basal tetrapods like fishes, amphibians, and reptiles like lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises. The second part of the volume deals with basal mammalian clades, some of which are quite characteristic for the fossil record of the country: aardwarks, hyraxes, proboscideans, elephants and mammoths, sea cows, rodents, and lagomorphs. The volume ends with special chapters on the primate fossil record of the country, including some of our most recent and distant relatives. .
Geology. Earth sciences --- General palaeontology --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Biological techniques --- General ecology and biosociology --- bio-informatica --- biologie --- ecologie --- geografie --- geologie --- aarde (astronomie) --- paleontologie --- Vertebrates, Fossil. --- Vertebrates, Fossil --- Microstructure. --- Vertebrats fòssils
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Biometry. --- Evidence-Based Practice. --- Evidence Based Health Care Management --- Evidence Based Healthcare Management --- Evidence Based Management, Health Care --- Evidence Based Management, Healthcare --- Evidence-Based Healthcare --- Evidence-Based Health Care --- Evidence Based Health Care --- Evidence Based Healthcare --- Evidence Based Practice --- Evidence-Based Health Cares --- Evidence-Based Healthcares --- Health Care, Evidence-Based --- Health Cares, Evidence-Based --- Healthcare, Evidence-Based --- Healthcares, Evidence-Based --- Biological statistics --- Biology --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics --- Statistical methods --- Evidence Gaps --- Biometry
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The 4th World Congress on Genetics, Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research (GeNeDis 2020) focuses on the latest major challenges in scientific research, new drug targets, the development of novel biomarkers, new imaging techniques, novel protocols for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, and several other scientific advances, with the aim of better, safer, and healthier aging. Computational methodologies for implementation on the discovery of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases are extensively discussed. This volume focuses on the sessions from the conference regarding computational biology and bioinformatics.
Mathematics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Biological techniques --- General biophysics --- Biology --- Human biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Computer science --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- biomathematica --- bio-engineering --- bio-informatica --- biologie --- informatica --- biotechnologie --- wiskunde --- Bioinformatics. --- Biophysics. --- Biomathematics. --- Biotechnology. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Bioinformàtica
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This book is designed to train graduate students across disciplines within the fields of public health and medicine, with the goal of guiding them in the transition to independent researchers. It focuses on theories, principles, techniques, and methods essential for data processing and quantitative analysis to address medical, health, and behavioral challenges. Students will learn to access to existing data and process their own data, quantify the distribution of a medical or health problem to inform decision making; to identify influential factors of a disease/behavioral problem; and to support health promotion and disease prevention. Concepts, principles, methods and skills are demonstrated with SAS programs, figures and tables generated from real, publicly available data. In addition to various methods for introductory analysis, the following are featured, including 4-dimensional measurement of distribution and geographic mapping, multiple linear and logistic regression, Poisson regression, Cox regression, missing data imputing, and statistical power analysis. .
Statistical science --- Mathematical statistics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Epidemiology --- volksgezondheid --- biomathematica --- biostatistiek --- statistiek --- epidemiologie --- biometrie --- Public health. --- Epidemiology. --- Statistics. --- Diseases --- Public health --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Statistical methods. --- Research. --- Epidemiological research --- Epidemiologia --- Estadística matemàtica --- Estadística descriptiva --- Inferència estadística --- Matemàtica estadística --- Mètodes estadístics --- Estadística --- Anàlisi d'error (Matemàtica) --- Anàlisi de regressió --- Anàlisi de sèries temporals --- Anàlisi de variància --- Anàlisi multivariable --- Anàlisi seqüencial --- Astronomia estadística --- Correlació (Estadística) --- Dependència (Estadística) --- Estadística no paramètrica --- Estadística robusta --- Física estadística --- Mètode dels moments (Estadística) --- Models lineals (Estadística) --- Models no lineals (Estadística) --- Teoria de l'estimació --- Teoria de la predicció --- Tests d'hipòtesi (Estadística) --- Biometria --- Mostreig (Estadística) --- Salut pública --- Comorbiditat --- Epidèmies --- Epidemiologia molecular --- Farmacoepidemiologia --- Morbiditat --- Malalties --- Biometry. --- Applied Statistics. --- Biostatistics. --- Public Health. --- Biological statistics --- Biology --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics
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This proceedings volume highlights the latest research and developments in psychometrics and statistics. It represents selected and peer-reviewed presentations given at the 85th Annual International Meeting of the Psychometric Society (IMPS), held virtually on July 13-17, 2020. The IMPS is one of the largest international meetings on quantitative measurement in education, psychology and the social sciences. It draws approximately 500 participants from around the world, featuring paper and poster presentations, symposiums, workshops, keynotes, and invited presentations. Leading experts and promising young researchers have written the included chapters. The chapters address a wide variety of topics including but not limited to item response theory, adaptive testing, Bayesian estimation, propensity scores, and cognitive diagnostic models. This volume is the 9th in a series of recent works to cover research presented at the IMPS.
Psychometrics --- Psicometria --- Escales psicològiques --- Mesuraments mentals --- Mesuraments psicològics --- Escales (Ciències socials) --- Psicofisiologia --- Anàlisi factorial --- Escala multidimensional --- Metaanàlisi --- Tests i proves en educació --- Psicofísica --- Tests psicològics --- Social sciences --- Psychometrics. --- Biometry. --- Statistics in Social Sciences, Humanities, Law, Education, Behavorial Sciences, Public Policy. --- Biostatistics. --- Statistical methods. --- Biological statistics --- Biology --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics --- Measurement, Mental --- Measurement, Psychological --- Psychological measurement --- Psychological scaling --- Psychological statistics --- Psychology --- Psychometry (Psychophysics) --- Scaling, Psychological --- Psychological tests --- Scaling (Social sciences) --- Statistical methods --- Measurement --- Scaling --- Methodology
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This book brings together the voices of leading experts in the frontiers of biostatistics, biomedicine, and the health sciences to discuss the statistical procedures, useful methods, and novel applications in biostatistics research. It also includes discussions of potential future directions of biomedicine and new statistical developments for health research, with the intent of stimulating research and fostering the interactions of scholars across health research related disciplines. Topics covered include: Health data analysis and applications to EHR data Clinical trials, FDR, and applications in health science Big network analytics and its applications in GWAS Survival analysis and functional data analysis Graphical modelling in genomic studies The book will be valuable to data scientists and statisticians who are working in biomedicine and health, other practitioners in the health sciences, and graduate students and researchers in biostatistics and health.
Estadística mèdica --- Biometria --- Dades massives --- Macrodades --- Bases de dades --- Bioestadística --- Biologia --- Estadística --- Herència (Biologia) --- Anàlisi de supervivència (Biometria) --- Censos --- Genètica quantitativa --- Biomatemàtica --- Estadística matemàtica --- Mostreig (Estadística) --- Estadística sanitària --- Indicadors de salut --- Mortalitat --- Medical statistics. --- Big data. --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets --- Health --- Health statistics --- Medicine --- Statistics --- Statistical methods --- Biometry. --- Biology --- Biostatistics. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Health Workforce --- Biological statistics --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics
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